Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR)

The Effect of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) Leaf Extract on Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Escherichia coli pBR322 and Toxicity Tests on Artemia salina Leach

Trini Suryowati, John Jackson Yang, Lusia Sri Sunarti, Maria Bintang — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Inappropriate antibiotic use can lead to antibiotic resistance, causing many problems in the treatment of Escherichia coli infection. One way to avoid resistance is to use the traditional medicine Coleus amboinicus Lour, also known as Torbangun in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory ability of 70% ethanol extract of Torbngun leaf against Escherichia coli pBR322 has plasmid pBR322, which is resistant to antibiotics Ampicillin and Tetracycline based on activity and minimum inhibitory concentration. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method. The presence of inhibition zones indicated antibacterial activity. The appearance of the inhibition zone at the minimum concentration indicated the minimum inhibitory concentration. Following this, the cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality test. Data analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test using GraphPad Prism® software. Antibacterial activity tests showed that a 15% torbangun leaf extract concentration had inhibitory power against Escherichia coli pBR322. The toxicity test of torbangun leaf extract against Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae showed LD50 results at a concentration of 150 ppm.

The Efficacy of Channa Striata Extract Administration in Improving Albumin and Creatinine Levels in Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Mathilda Panggabean, Andriamuri Primaputra Lubis, Rr. Sinta Irina, Rina Amelia — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Albumin levels in the blood are an indicator for assessing the severity of sepsis. In sepsis patients, administering albumin extract from Channa striata has better potential to replace Human Albumin by 20%. This study aims to determine the role of Channa striata extract (CSE) in improving albumin and creatinine in sepsis patients. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a pre-post-test design. Sepsis patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria and sign the informed consent form will be divided into treatment and control groups. Both groups received the same therapy protocol, except for the treatment group, which will be given CSE at a dose of 5gr, three times a day, for five days. Albumin, creatinine, and SOFA score measurements will be taken before the treatment and on the 7th day. All data will be tabulated and analyzed using statistical software. This study consisted of 2 groups, with a sample size of 20 patients for each group. It was found that the mean age of the research sample was 56.1 + 11.8 years. In the treatment group, there was no decrease in albumin levels before and after (2.76 + 0.41 to 2.76 + 0.40), p=0.952. There was no significant difference in assessing creatinine levels before and after treatment, p>0.05. There was an increase in SOFA score before and after treatment in both groups, p<0.05. Channa striata extract is clinically significant for improving the condition of sepsis patients in the ICU.

Durian Peel Waste as An Alternative Material for Oxalic Acid Using The Nitric Acid Oxidation Method

Yuni Kurniati, Irvan Adhin Cholilie, Anysah Rahmadini, Nurul Hamida Suwandevi — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Durian (Durio zibethinus murr) was a tropical fruit from Southeast Asia. Based on the content, the durian peel waste has the potential to be used as a raw material in the process of making oxalic acid. The cellulose content found in durian peel is 50-60%, and there was lignin and starch content of 5% for each. Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C₂H₂O4. This study aimed to determine the effect of nitric acid concentration and oxidation time of durian peel on yield, oxalic acid content, and the quality of the oxalic acid produced. The method used in this study was the oxidation process. The influential variables in the oxidation process with nitric acid were the concentration and heating time. The higher the nitric acid concentration, the greater the % yield of oxalic acid produced. The independent variables used were nitric acid concentration and time. This research used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with two factors, namely nitric acid concentration (HNO3) and reaction time, and nine treatment combinations were obtained. The concentrations used were 3 M, 4 M, and 5 M then the times used were 60, 70, and 80 minutes. The ratio between nitric acid and durian peel was 1:10 with a temperature of 75℃. The optimum yield occurred at a concentration of 4M HNO3 with a heating time of 80 minutes, where the yield obtained was 22.50%. Oxalic acid from a citric acid concentration of 5M and a reaction time of 80 minutes resulted in oxalic acid crystals melting at 98.6˚C. From the results of this analysis, the synthesized oxalic acid has the same characteristics as pure oxalic acid, so it can be concluded that the product produced from this research is oxalic acid and is classified as dihydrate oxalic acid.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetat Fraction of Basil Leave (Ocimum Basilicum L) Toward Escherichia Coli Growth

Sri Marfuati, Mustika Weni; Inayati Diana Putri — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli is commonly found. Several studies have found that basil leaves contain chemical compounds: flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which act as antibacterials. This research aimed to determine the inhibitory power of the ethyl acetate fraction of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L) on the growth of Escherichia coli. This study used a post-test-only control group design. This study contained five groups: one positive control group, one negative control group, and three treatment groups. The treatment group consisted of the ethyl acetate fraction of basil leaves at 12.5% μ, 25% μ, and 50% μ. The control group was a positive control K(+) with co-trimoxazole and a negative control K(-) with 10% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Kruskal walls test was chosen, followed by the Mann-Whitney difference test. In the Kruskal Walls test, a significant difference was found (p-value < 0.050) for basil leaf ethyl acetate fraction treatment. The largest average was obtained, namely the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 12.5%. The Mann-Whitney test was carried out to determine fundamental differences between groups. The results of ethyl acetate fraction showed that the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Escherichia coli was 12.5%.

The Application of Iron (Fe) from Bay Leaves (Syzgium Polyanthum) in Food Flavoring Powder Formula

Aji Jumiono, Gesa Aldin Barqin, Sri Widowati, Moura Zhafarinnadia — Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Anemia caused by iron deficiency is still a nutritional problem in Indonesia. New methods are needed to help increase blood levels of iron by utilizing the habit of people consuming and processing food. Bay leaves (Syzgium polyanthum) offer a potential solution to Indonesia's iron-deficiency anemia issue by utilizing common food consumption habits This research method was a quantitative experiment by finding the best ratio of comparison of the encapsulation leaf extract formula in bay leaves powder and conducted a test of the receipt of the powder formula. The best formula ratio in making powder found in this research was a formula with 4 gr bay leaf extract and seasoning ingredients (10 gr seaweed, 10 gr fried onion, 7 gr white sesame, 5 gr oyster mushrooms, 5 gr sugar, 2 gr salt, 1 gr powder garlic, sesame oil 15 ml, and pepper 0.2 gr. The formula has an iron level (Fe) of 3.2 mg, equivalent to 24.2% RDA.

Exploring the Sensory Profile of Stevia Coffee Using Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) Method and Chemical Analysis

Elsera Br Tarigan, Cindy Amelia Hardianti, Muhammad Rifqi — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Coffee is usually consumed by adding sugar, cream, or milk. Adding these ingredients, especially sugar, can cause new disease problems. The market is starting to look for natural sweeteners that do not cause health problems, such as stevia. The objective of this research was to identify the sensory attributes and chemical components of some variety of stevia coffee formulations. Sensory attributes were identified through a focus group discussion (FGD), and sensory profiling to choose the best formulation was determined using the Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA). The FGD members were nine panelists, while the RATA sensory evaluation used 30 panelists. Chemical analysis carried out includes water (gravimetry), ash (gravimetry), and antioxidant capacity (spectrophotometry). In this research, four distinct formulations of stevia coffee, A1 (0% stevia), A2 (2% stevia), A3 (4% stevia), and A4 (7% stevia), were utilized. Results indicate that varying stevia concentrations significantly influence the resulting coffee's sensory characteristics. Attributes identified through FGD include color (dark brown), aroma (green/leafy, sour, roasted, spicy), taste (acid/sour, sweet, bitter, green, spice) and aftertaste (over, bitter and sweet). Statistical analysis showed that eight out of thirteen sensory attributes had significant differences (p<0.05) among the four samples. Sensory evaluation of the selected sample, A2 (4%), revealed a favorable taste profile characterized by sweetness and sourness. Moreover, the chosen formulation exhibited a notable antioxidant activity level of 83.13%. These findings underscore the potential of stevia coffee as a flavorful and health-conscious alternative, offering valuable insights for product development and consumer acceptance.

In Vitro Evaluation of Purple Sweet Potato Leaf Extract (Ipomoea batatas) as a Tyrosinase Inhibitor and Malondialdehyde Formation Inhibitor

Dewi Purnamasari, Mega Safithri, Dimas Andrianto — Tue, 30 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study purple sweet potato is known to contain flavonoids, a class of natural polyphenols with the capability to mitigate skin pigmentation. The research aims to assess the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of purple sweet potato extracts obtained through hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water solvents. The results of phytochemical identification show that the extract contains various secondary metabolites which have the potential to act as antioxidants. The DPPH method IC50 values of 6948.12ppm for n-hexane, 3015.19ppm for ethyl acetate, 128.05ppm for ethanol, and 791.77ppm for water extract. The MDA inhibitor test IC50 values of 2067.02ppm for n-hexane, 1968.13ppm for ethyl acetate, 116.14ppm for ethanol, and 921.14ppm for water extract. In the tyrosinase inhibitor assay, IC50 values were 1328.29ppm for n-hexane, 1245.13ppm for ethyl acetate, 217.35ppm for ethanol, and 391.21ppm for water extract. Tuckey test statistics, ethanol extract was not significantly different from the positive control in the DPPH test, MDA inhibitor and tyrosinase test. These findings suggest that purple sweet potato extracts, particularly the ethanol extract, hold promise as natural ingredients with antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties, making them potential candidates for safe and effective skin brightening formulations.